ABSTRACT
Background: The body height measurement plays an important role in personal and medico legal identification and has become invaluable aid to scientific research in Anatomy, especially anthropological anthropometry. This study is conducted to find the correlation between body height and foot length & knee height measurements in both the sexes and to determine accurate and best predictor of height from above two parameters using Correlation Coefficient. Methods: Asymptomatic, healthy 1000 subjects (500 males and 500 females), residents of Teerthanker Mahaveer University of cosmopolitan origin age over 18 years old were studied. Their body height, Foot lengths and knee height were measured and all the readings were subjected to Statistical Analysis using mean + standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses. Result: In present study, correlation coefficients (r) values between body height, foot lengths and knee height were found to be statistically significant and positive in both males, females and in combined data, with highest ‘r’ value of knee height followed by foot lengths. Regression equations for estimating body height were developed for each of these parameters by Linear Regression. Conclusion: The study suggests the Knee height to be the best body height indicator developed for estimation of body height according to gender including age as a predictor variable in order to reduce the inherent problem of sample specificity and enhance accuracy confidence in the estimation.
ABSTRACT
To calculate the prevalence of common types of cancer in SINDH based on Civil Hospital Karachi [CHK] database. Retrospective Observational Study. Clinical Oncology Department Civil Hospital Karachi, from January, 2004 to December 2011[8 Years]. All the Patients attending the oncology department CHK were selected for study. After completing data the cancer registry patients were categorized according to their diagnosis and this data was recorded on Microsoft Excel sheet. During period of January 2004 to December 2011, the total number of patients included in the study was 5504 out of which 2638 were males and 2866 females. The list of prevalence of different types of cancer was created and according to the statistical analysis based on CHK data base, the increasing trend was seen in breast, oral cavity, lymphoid tissue, blood, colorectal, liver and biliary tract, faciomaxillary, lung, uterus, esophagus, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, larynx, ovary, male genital system, Nasopharynx, urinary system and brain cancers. It is concluded that the registration of cancer patients is highly beneficial for the evaluation of cancer prevalence and incidence. This registration is also helpful for calculating the comparative incidence and prevalence of cancers on national and international levels. The recorded data will also help to improve the quality of life of cancer patients as this data is very much helpful to identify the etiology and risk factors of cancers which will improve health prevention and management plans by higher authorities
ABSTRACT
5-Fluorouracil is a well know drug for chemotherapy of various types of cancer. In the present study, we radiolabeled 5-fluorouracil with 99mTc for a diagnostic study of cancer. After successful labeling of the drug we performed an animal study to evaluate the potential of this radiopharmaceutical as a tumor diagnostic agent. The results showed 98.1 +/- 1.2 % labeling efficacy of 5-fluorouracil with [99m]Tc. The in vitro stability of the radiolabeled drug at room temperature at 4 hr of post-labeling was >96.5 +/- 0.4 %. The binding of the radiolabeled drug with plasma proteins was 66.6 +/- 3%. Partition coefficient results showed that this drug is hydrophilic in nature. Biodistribution study in rabbit models displayed faint uptake in liver. Both kidney and bladder were prominent as excretory route of the labeled drug. Bioevaluation was performed in Swiss Webster mice having naturally developed tumor. Mice were dissected, uptake of drug in various organs was studied and results showed prominent uptake in liver and tumor. Tumor was further investigated by histopathological study
ABSTRACT
N-[2-Hydroxybenzyl]-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose [NHADG] was synthesized by conjugation of salicylaldehyde to glucosamine. The obtained compound was well characterized via different analytical techniques. Labeling of the synthesized compound with technetium-99m [[99m]Tc] in pertechnetate form [[99m]TcO4[-]] was carried out via chelation reaction in the presence of stannous chloride dihydrate. Maximum radiochemical yield of [99m]Tc-NHADG complex [99%] was obtained by using 1 mg NHADG, 200 micro g SnCl[2].2H[2]O, at pH 9.5 and reaction time of 15 min. The radiochemical purity of the [99m]Tc-NHADG complex was measured by Instant Thin Layer Chromatography [ITLC] and Paper Chromatography [PC], without any notable decomposition at room temperature over a period of 4h. The biological evaluation results show that the [99m]Tc labeled NHADG conjugate is able to specifically target mammary carcinoma in mice models, thus highlighting its potential as an effective [99m]Tc labeled glucose-derived agent for tumor imaging
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In this study, rhenium sulfide colloidal nanoparticles were developed as radiopharmaceutical for sentinel lymph node detection. We directly used rhenium sulfide as a starting material for the preparation of colloidal nanoparticles. UV-visible spectrophotometry was used for characterization of in house developed colloidal particles. The size distribution of radioactive particles was studied by using membrane filtration method. The percentage of radiolabeled colloidal nanoparticles was determined by paper chromatography [PC]. The study also includes in vitro stability, protein binding in human blood and bioevaluation in a rabbit model. The results indicate that 77.27 +/- 3.26 % particles of size less than 20nm [suitable for lymphoscintigraphy] were radiolabeled. [99m]Tc labeled rhenium sulfide labeling efficacy with the radiometal is 98.5 +/- 0.5%, which remains considerably stable beyond 5h at room temperature. Furthermore, it was observed that 70.2 +/- 1.3 % radiolabeled colloid complex showed binding with the blood protein. Bioevaluation results show the remarkable achievement of our radiopharmaceutical. The in house prepared [99m]Tc labeled rhenium sulfide colloidal nanoparticles reached the sentinel node within 15 min of post injection. These results indicate that [99m]Tc labeled rhenium sulfide colloid nanoparticles kit produced by a novel procedure seems of significant potential as a feasible candidate for further development to be used in clinical practice
ABSTRACT
To study the spasmogenic and spasmolytic properties of Terminalia chebula. Diagnostic parameter of smooth muscle activity was used for the determination of characteristic spasmogenic and spasmolytic activity of I chebula. Experimental study. This experimental study was carried out at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karachi University. From 2005 to 2006. This experimental study was conducted on isolated smooth muscle of rabbit's intestine. Segment of small intestine [jejunum and ileum] was mounted in Tyroid's solution filled organ bath with maintained temperature at 37°C to record dose response activity. It is observed that at the dose of 1 mg/ml there is a slight decrease in the response [0.88 cm 0.035 cm] as compare to control [1.15cm 0.040 cm]. At 10 mg/ml there is a relaxing response of smooth muscle activity [0.85cm 0.08cm] from control [1.08cm 0.125cm]. While the relaxation is prominent at the doses of 20 mg/ml [0.9cm 0.5cm] and 25 mg/ml [0.55cm 0.035cm] from control [1.4cm 0.155cm] and [1.3cm 0.07cm] respectively with [p value 0.05]. The effect of ethyl acetate fraction shows initially relaxation and this effect disappeared after the administration of acetylcholine 1x10[-2] M, but full response of acetylcholine is not produced due to occupancy of muscarinic receptor by the extract. Conclusions: The effect of T. chebula showed a spontaneous decrease in the movement of smooth muscles of rabbit's intestine as compared to control experiments
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to determine the role of leukotriene receptor antagonist in acute severe attack of bronchial asthma in comparison with conventional therapy. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease in both the developed and developing countries. Asthmatic patients are at risk of worsening of disease characterized by an increased breathlessness, cough, chest discomfort and wheezing and decreased in expiratory airflow rate. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid, and element of which are potent chemo attractants. These chemical mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Study results reveled the effectiveness of leukotriene receptor antagonist in preventing many types of aggravated asthmatic responses. Oral administration of leukotriene receptor antagonist in acute asthmatic patients improves airway function. Once-daily treatment with 10 mg of montelukast, as compared with conventional therapy, provided significant protection against severe broncho-constriction. Study also shows that there was no worsening of the disease. Parameters strongly confirmed the role of leukotriene receptor antagonist when in addition added with steroid therapy in the treatment of acute asthma, there were a smooth improvement was noticed